India produces a large quantity of scientific research, ranking 4th globally in terms of total research publications in 2020 according to Elsevier SciVal and having the 9th largest number of publications in journals included in the Science Citation Index. However, the country is comparatively lower in terms of the innovation environment it offers, being placed only 46th in the most recent Global Innovation Index.
As per UN’s forecasts India’s population will grow to 1.5 billion by 2030 and will overtake China’s by 2025. Out of 5 million students who received a bachelor’s degree in STEM subjects worldwide, 29% were from India. The Government of India’s 2020 budget (£330 billion) awarded a 13% increase to science ministries, announcements included major quantum and genetic mapping programmes, alongside aspirations to build a “new Indian economy” around AI, 3D printing, drones, Agri-tech and DNA storage.
While delivering the inaugural address at the 107th India Science Congress in Bengaluru on 3 January 2020, Prime Minister Modi said, “There is a need to revolutionise the landscape of Indian Science Technology and Innovation.” The ongoing Indian government initiatives such as the new national policies particularly the Science and Technology Policy (currently under revision), consolidation of research fund, commitment to increase gross expenditure on research and development from 0.7% to 2% and international collaborations are all targeted to realise India’s ambition in this area and improve country’s overall productivity.
