Three petitions challenging the bill’s constitutionality have been filed. The CJI constituted a full bench within 6 hours of the Lok Sabha vote.
The Supreme Court has not constituted a five-judge bench specifically for reforms challenges within the last 48 hours, based on the latest available information.
However, the Court has been actively addressing significant constitutional matters through Constitution Benches. For instance, on November 4, 2025, the Bench comprising Chief Justice of India B.R. Gavai and Justice K. Vinod Chandran expressed displeasure over the Union Government’s application to refer the challenge to the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021, to a five-judge Bench, questioning whether it was a tactic to avoid immediate scrutiny.
Additionally, under Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, the Court has made efforts to institutionalize Constitution Benches as a “permanent feature”, with 16 Constitution Bench judgments delivered during his tenure, including landmark rulings on electoral bonds and the constitutionality of the Citizenship Act.
The Court continues to refer cases involving substantial questions of constitutional interpretation to Constitution Benches, as mandated by Article 145(3) of the Constitution, which requires a minimum of five judges for such matters.
