Many assume pets provide reliable emotional support, yet scientific evidence remains limited and often contradictory. Research shows pet ownership can yield both positive and negative effects on physical and mental health. A new study from the Open University in the Netherlands examined owners of cats and dogs using data from 188 participants. Researchers sent repeated phone prompts throughout the day to record mood, stress, and interaction intensity. This approach is known as ecological momentary assessment. Findings revealed clear differences between the two pets. Higher interaction levels with cats were linked to stronger negative emotions during periods of stress. Interactions with dogs showed no measurable impact on stress. Neither species buffered negative feelings in the moment. However, time spent with both cats and dogs generally boosted positive emotions and lowered negative ones. The results suggest pets may support overall well-being without relieving acute stress. Cat owners were fewer in the sample, which could have influenced outcomes. The study appeared in Frontiers in Psychology.
