Happy, a Bronx Zoo elephant who provided researchers with new understanding of animal behavior and featured in a prominent animal rights case, was euthanized at age 55, the zoo announced Wednesday.
The Asian elephant was put down Tuesday after nearly 50 years at the facility. Officials reported that age-related health issues worsened recently, including reduced kidney or liver function. A necropsy found arthritis and large uterine tumors that could not be detected earlier through standard exams, the zoo stated.
“She was a wonderful elephant,” interim director Craig Piper said, noting staff members’ sadness after caring for her for decades. “She served as a tremendous ambassador for elephants and for elephant conservation.”
With Happy’s passing, 57-year-old Patty remains the sole elephant on display in New York City. The Wildlife Conservation Society ended elephant acquisitions two decades ago.
Born in Asia, Happy arrived in the U.S. at age one and reached the zoo in 1977. She interacted well with keepers and responded to treats like watermelon.
In 2005, Happy demonstrated that elephants can recognize themselves in mirrors, a rare sign of self-awareness. She touched a mark on her head visible only in reflection.
After her last companion died in 2006, Happy lived apart from Patty and another elephant, Maxine, who passed in 2018. The median lifespan for Asian elephants in U.S. zoos is about 45 years.
Zoo elephant exhibits have faced growing criticism over space and social needs. Some facilities have relocated animals to sanctuaries.
In 2018, the Nonhuman Rights Project sued to have Happy recognized legally as a person and transferred to a sanctuary. The New York Court of Appeals rejected the claim 5-2. Similar cases elsewhere have also failed, though some judges dissented.
Happy spent her final weeks in an off-exhibit area receiving supportive care. Patty remains in good condition, the zoo said.
