Research into self-stimulation among parrots and other birds has concluded that the practice is widespread and normal. Bird owners are frequently told to prevent or penalize such actions, yet the investigation showed the behavior occurs more often among wild populations than in captive ones. The authors determined it forms part of standard avian sexual activity. They advised veterinarians to inform concerned keepers that the conduct causes no harm and cautioned that attempts to stop it, including perch removal, hormone therapy or surgery, may inflict greater damage. The lead finding indicates the activity is not a reaction to confinement, according to evolutionary ecologist Dr Chloe Heys of the University of Lancashire. It appears across many bird species and represents a healthy element of their behavioral range. Earlier assumptions held that birds either avoided the practice or performed it solely due to captive stress. Data were gathered from specialists, online keeper communities and published studies, covering 120 species in both wild and captive settings. The pattern appears in parrots, ducks, turkeys and chickens, and is more frequent outside captivity. Reports mention males slightly more often, though females also participate. Males typically rub against perches, toys or twigs, while females press against suitable objects. The actions may include wing movements and unusual calls. Some owners sought veterinary advice after observing the behavior, leading to suggestions for disruption. In severe instances, medication or operations were proposed. The study, published in Ecology and Evolution, indicates intervention is unnecessary unless a lasting injury occurs. A separate veterinarian noted the work will improve guidance for bird owners. A co-author emphasized that non-reproductive sexual actions are documented across animals and that the higher wild occurrence carries welfare implications given common advice against the behavior.
